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A necessary requirement for splenosis is the rupture of the spleen, through a traumatic injury (such as a car wreck) or abdominal surgery, especially splenectomy.Splenosis in the abdominal category may occur in up to 65% of traumatic ruptures of the spleen. [3]
An overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is a rare but rapidly fatal infection occurring in individuals following removal (or permanent dysfunction) of the spleen. The infections are typically characterized by either meningitis or sepsis , and are caused by encapsulated organisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae . [ 3 ]
Splenosis is a condition where foci of splenic tissue undergo autotransplantation, most often following physical trauma or splenectomy. Displaced tissue fragments can implant on well vascularized surfaces in the abdominal cavity, or, if the diaphragmatic barrier is broken, the thorax. [13] [14]
Splenic tissue can be deliberately autotransplanted after splenectomy, as some tissue will still be viable, to attempt to preserve some splenic function (with the goal of preventing OPSI). Usually this involves leaving parts of splenic parenchyma in pouches of omentum. This is not without risk or complication.
The post-splenectomy platelet count may rise to abnormally high levels (thrombocytosis), leading to an increased risk of potentially fatal clot formation. Mild thrombocytosis may be observed after a splenectomy due to the lack of sequestering and destruction of platelets that would normally be carried out by the spleen.
Acquired asplenia occurs for several reasons: . Following splenectomy due to splenic rupture from trauma or because of tumor; After splenectomy with the goal of interfering with splenic function, as a treatment for diseases (e.g. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, spherocytosis), in which the spleen's usual activity exacerbates the disease
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Splenosis is a condition where displaced pieces of splenic tissue (often following trauma or splenectomy) autotransplant in the abdominal cavity as accessory spleens. [28] Polysplenia is a congenital disease manifested by multiple small accessory spleens, [29] rather than a single, full-sized, normal spleen.