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PAS II is defined as the association between autoimmune Addison's disease and either autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or both. [5] It is heterogeneous and has not been linked to one gene. Rather, individuals are at a higher risk when they carry a particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DR4). APS-II affects women ...
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs), also called polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGASs) [3] or polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes (PASs), are a heterogeneous group [4] of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrine organs can be affected.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2016.00086. PMC 4992815. PMID 27597936. Peterson P, Pitkänen J, Sillanpää N, Krohn K (March 2004). "Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a model disease to study molecular aspects of endocrine autoimmunity". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 135 (3): 348–57.
Likewise, 20% of autoimmune thyroid patients also have pituitary antibodies. [7] It follows that a subset of thyroid patients may have a disease related to autoimmune hypophysitis. Recent research has focused on a defect at the CTLA-4 gene which, coupled with other factors, may result in autoimmunity primarily focusing on certain endocrine ...
On 1 January 1999 the ICD-10 (without clinical extensions) was adopted for reporting mortality, but ICD-9-CM was still used for morbidity. Meanwhile, NCHS received permission from the WHO to create a clinical modification of the ICD-10, and has production of all these systems: ICD-10-CM, for diagnosis codes, replaces volumes 1 and 2. Annual ...
Foods which have been demonstrated to have goitrogenic effects include soy, cassava (when crushed and not detoxified by soaking, [7]) vegetables in the genus Brassica (such as broccoli and cabbage), [9] [page needed] and other cruciferous vegetables. [10]
Euthyroid on levothyroxine (10% of cases) Euthyroid not on levothyroxine (20% of cases) Thyroid antibodies – both antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO, antithyroid microsomal antibodies, anti-M) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) – in the disease are elevated, but their levels do not correlate with the severity. [citation needed]