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Does not free the space occupied by the data in the table (in the TABLESPACE) Does not reset the SEQUENCE value assigned to the table; DELETE works much slower than TRUNCATE; You can undo the operation of removing records by using the ROLLBACK command; DELETE requires a shared table lock; Triggers fire; DELETE can be used in the case of ...
Each column in an SQL table declares the type(s) that column may contain. ANSI SQL includes the following data types. [14] Character strings and national character strings. CHARACTER(n) (or CHAR(n)): fixed-width n-character string, padded with spaces as needed; CHARACTER VARYING(n) (or VARCHAR(n)): variable-width string with a maximum size of n ...
In addition to SQLSTATE the SQL command GET DIAGNOSTICS offers more details about the last executed SQL command. In very early versions of the SQL standard the return code was called SQLCODE and used a different coding schema.
SELECT is the most common operation in SQL, called "the query". SELECT retrieves data from one or more tables, or expressions. Standard SELECT statements have no persistent effects on the database. Some non-standard implementations of SELECT can have persistent effects, such as the SELECT INTO syntax provided in some databases. [4]
In SQL, the data manipulation language comprises the SQL-data change statements, [3] which modify stored data but not the schema or database objects. Manipulation of persistent database objects, e.g., tables or stored procedures, via the SQL schema statements, [3] rather than the data stored within them, is considered to be part of a separate data definition language (DDL).
Thus, the current Stata release can always open datasets that were created with older versions, but older versions cannot read newer format datasets. Stata can read and write SAS XPORT format datasets natively, using the fdause and fdasave commands. Some other econometric applications, including gretl, can directly import Stata file formats.
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
Data Control Language is one of the logical group in SQL Commands. SQL [1] is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as insert data to a database, delete or update data in a database, or retrieve data from a database.