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2. Spinel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel

   It is widely used as an inexpensive cut gem in birthstone jewelry for the month of August. Light blue synthetic spinel is a good imitation of aquamarine beryl, and green synthetic spinel is used as an emerald or tourmaline simulant. [29] By 2015, transparent spinel was being made in sheets and other shapes through sintering. [30]

3. Birthstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthstone

   The American Gem Trade Association added tanzanite as a December birthstone in 2002. [5] In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America added spinel as an additional birthstone for August. [6] Britain's National Association of Goldsmiths created its own standardized list of birthstones in 1937. [7]

4. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

   Samarian Spinel, the world's largest spinel; Menshikov Ruby, the world's second largest spinel set on top of the Great Imperial Crown of Russia; Timur Ruby, believed to be a ruby until 1851, hence its name; Black Prince's Ruby, the famous spinel mounted on the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom

5. Ceylonite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylonite

   Ceylonite, named for the island of Ceylon, is a ferroan spinel with Mg:Fe from 3:1 and 1:1, and little or no ferric iron. Pleonaste is named from the Greek for 'abundant,' for its many crystal forms, and is distinguished chemically by low Mg:Fe ratios of approximately 1:3. It is sometimes used as a gemstone. [2]

6. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   Calcite. Manganoan calcite (var.); Caledonite; Canasite; Cancrinite. Vishnevite; Carletonite; Carnallite; Cassiterite; Catapleiite; Cavansite; Celestite; Ceruleite ...

7. Chrysoberyl - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoberyl

   Main chrysoberyl producing countries. The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula Be Al 2 O 4. [5] [6] The name chrysoberyl is derived from the Greek words χρυσός chrysos and βήρυλλος beryllos, meaning "a gold-white spar".