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The modern meaning of temperance has evolved since its first usage. In Latin, tempero means restraint (from force or anger), but also more broadly the proper balancing or mixing (particularly, of temperature, or compounds). Hence the phrase "to temper a sword", meaning the heating and cooling process of forging a metal blade.
In Christian tradition, the seven heavenly virtues combine the four cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude with the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity. The seven capital virtues, also known as seven lively virtues, contrary or remedial virtues, are those opposite the seven deadly sins.
Temperance [b] was most closely associated with the producing classes, the farmers and craftsmen, to moderate their animal appetites. Fortitude was assigned to the warrior class, to strengthen their fighting spirit. Prudence was assigned to the rulers, to guide their reason. Justice stood above these three to properly regulate the relations ...
However, the general definition of Encratism practiced by the Encratites was a rejection of marriage, procreation, and meat consumption. [12] In the theological teachings of 4th century Bishop Gregory of Nyssa, enkrateia was the pathway towards restoring divine Monism, with the feminine being the result of original sin. Physical sexuality and ...
The distinction lies both in their source and end. The moral virtue of temperance recognizes food as a good that sustains life, but guards against the sin of gluttony. The infused virtue of temperance disposes the individual to practice fasting and abstinence. The infused moral virtues are connected to the theological virtue of Charity.
Cassiel is sometimes described as the angel of tears and the angel of temperance. [17] [14] As Qafsiel, he is sometimes regarded as the ruler of the moon instead of Saturn. [19] Averroes and Ibn Arabi likewise listed Saturn as the planetary counterpart of the archangel Kafziel. [20]
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[4] [17] It is viewed as a potential part of temperance because temperance includes all those virtues that restrain or express the inordinate movements of our desires or appetites. [17] St. Bernard defines it as “a virtue by which a man knowing himself as he truly is, abases himself. Jesus Christ is the ultimate definition of Humility." [17]
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