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Near visual acuity or near vision is a measure of how clearly a person can see nearby small objects or letters.Visual acuity in general usually refers clarity of distance vision, and is measured using eye charts like Snellen chart, LogMAR chart etc. Near vision is usually measured and recorded using a printed hand-held card containing different sized paragraphs, words, letters or symbols.
An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [ 1 ] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists , physicians and nurses , to screen persons for vision impairment .
Snellen chart. The Snellen chart, which dates back to 1862, is also commonly used to estimate visual acuity.A Snellen score of 6/6 (20/20), indicating that an observer can resolve details as small as 1 minute of visual angle, corresponds to a LogMAR of 0 (since the base-10 logarithm of 1 is 0); a Snellen score of 6/12 (20/40), indicating an observer can resolve details as small as 2 minutes of ...
This scale is commonly used clinically and in research because the lines are of equal length and so it forms a continuous scale with equally spaced intervals between points, unlike Snellen charts, which have different numbers of letters on each line.
The Monoyer chart was created by Ferdinand Monoyer and is used to test visual acuity. [1] He inserted his name in the chart; reading upwards on both ends, but ignoring the first line, the name "Ferdinand Monoyer" can be seen.
Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity (last three rows are 20/15, 20/13 and 20/10) A Snellen chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity . Snellen charts are named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen who developed the chart in 1862 as a measurement tool for the acuity formula developed by his professor ...
The Jaeger chart is an eye chart used in testing near visual acuity.It is a card on which paragraphs of text are printed, with the text sizes increasing from 0.37 mm to 2.5 mm. [1] This card is to be held by a patient at a fixed distance from the eye dependent on the J size being read.
The Landolt C is an optotype that is used throughout most of the world as the standardized symbol for measuring visual acuity. It is identical to the "C" that is used in the traditional Snellen chart. [citation needed] In addition to this, the LEA symbols test has been experimentally verified to be both a valid and reliable measure of visual ...