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Main spar of a de Havilland DH.60 Moth. In a fixed-wing aircraft, the spar is often the main structural member of the wing, running spanwise at right angles (or thereabouts depending on wing sweep) to the fuselage. The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground.
Ultra Pup N3 Pup Single seat variant designed to resemble a 3/4 scale Piper J-3 Cub.Originally named the Nostalgair N-3 Pup. Engine is a TEC Half VW of 40 hp (30 kW). Meets FAR 103 requirements with an empty weight of 254 lb (115 kg) and gross weight of 535 lb (243 kg). 830 had been completed by December 2011.
The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, while the wing is of all-wooden construction, with all surfaces covered with doped aircraft fabric. Later models have an aluminum wing spar. Its 35.50 ft (10.8 m) span wing employs a custom Mason airfoil, mounts flaps and has a wing area of 177.3 sq ft (16.47 m 2).
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift).
The wing ribs forward of the spar are fabricated from 1 ⁄ 4 in (6 mm) 5-ply mahogany and aft of the spar from 5 ⁄ 16 in (8 mm) square spruce. The landing gear is a fixed monowheel, mounted on the hinged cockpit bottom door, that opens to allow the pilot to lift the aircraft for foot-launching.
The wing spar was strengthened considerably in the process. [3] The airframe is so different from the original Bonanza that, rather than supplementing the original type certificate , the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a completely new certificate for the Super-V. [ 4 ]
Structural metal fatigue was the problem in a major wing spar. Alloy 7075-T6 was used, which is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking and low toughness. The airliner was grounded and modifications were made. The wing components were redesigned and the engines replaced. The changed type was designated the Martin 2-0-2A.
Fokker built 65 for commercial and military service. After the crash of a Transcontinental & Western Air F-10 in 1931, killing Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne and seven others, which was caused by the deterioration of the wooden wing spar, the type was temporarily grounded, and it was required to undergo more frequent and rigorous inspection.