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Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, [3] or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. [4] Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections.
A drug combination targeting SARS-CoV-2, Paxlovid, was approved in December 2021 to treat COVID-19. [12] It is a combination of nirmatrelvir , a protease inhibitor targeted to the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease , and ritonavir, which inhibits the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, thereby prolonging its effect.
Nelfinavir belongs to the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors (PIs) and like other PIs is almost always used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Nelfinavir is an orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 protease inhibitor (K i = 2 nM) and is widely prescribed in combination with HIV reverse transcriptase ...
The former explains NRTIs'/NtRTIs' antiviral effect, while the latter explains their drug toxicity/side effects. [citation needed] In contrast, NNRTIs have a completely different mode of action. NNRTIs block reverse transcriptase by binding directly to the enzyme.
Amprenavir pro-drug: 2003 (FDA), 2004 Foscarnet: Herpes: Pyrophosphate analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor: 1991 Ganciclovir (Cytovene) [9] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) [10] Competitive nucleoside analogue dGTP inhibitor 1988 Ibacitabine: Herpes labialis: Ibalizumab (Trogarzo) [11] HIV Entry inhibitor 2018 Idoxuridine: Herpes: dU analogue inhibitor 1962 ...
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are a class of drugs which block the neuraminidase enzyme. They are a commonly used antiviral drug type against influenza. Viral neuraminidases are essential for influenza reproduction, facilitating viral budding from the host cell.
Azvudine is an antiviral drug which acts as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. [3] It was discovered for the treatment of hepatitis C [4] and has since been investigated for use against other viral diseases such as AIDS and COVID-19, [2] [5] for which it was granted conditional approval in China. [6] [7] Azvudine was first discovered in 2007. [8]
Enfuvirtide works by disrupting the HIV-1 molecular machinery at the final stage of fusion with the target cell, preventing uninfected cells from becoming infected.A biomimetic peptide, enfuvirtide was designed to mimic components of the HIV-1 fusion machinery and displace them, preventing normal fusion.