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Causes include low dietary intake, alcoholism, diarrhea, increased urinary loss, and poor absorption from the intestines. [1] [4] [5] Some medications may also cause low magnesium, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and furosemide. [2] The diagnosis is typically based on finding low blood magnesium levels, also called hypomagnesemia. [6]
The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [20] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base status. [20] Overall, treatment of chloride imbalances involve addressing the underlying cause rather than supplementing or avoiding ...
Hypomagnesemia is relatively straightforward to diagnose, as it is characterized by a low serum magnesium level below 1.5 to 1.8 mg/dL [milligrams per deciliter].
Other electrolyte abnormalities that can result from furosemide use include hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. [ 31 ] In the treatment of heart failure, many studies have shown that the long-term use of furosemide can cause varying degrees of thiamine deficiency , so thiamine supplementation is also suggested.
Loop diuretics usually have a ceiling effect whereby doses greater than a certain maximum amount will not increase the clinical effect of the drug. Also, there is a threshold minimum concentration of loop diuretics that needs to be achieved at the thick ascending limb to enable the onset of abrupt diuresis.
A deficiency in magnesium (hypomagnesemia) can result in other symptoms such as brain fog, anxiety, and memory issues. How to maintain optimal levels of potassium and magnesium
It can cause diarrhea, [8] nausea, vomiting, severely lowered blood pressure, confusion, slowed heart rate, respiratory paralysis. [7] In very severe cases, it can cause coma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest and death. [7] Magnesium overdose can be counteracted by administering calcium gluconate. [9]
By increasing cAMP levels, these medications cause the smooth muscles to relax. [34] This relaxation has a significant benefit in our blood vessels as it leads to vasodilation, which means the blood vessels widen. [34] [35] Vasodilation helps to reduce resistance against blood flow, allowing for better circulation throughout the body. [36]