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Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid. Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization. [1]
Food powder (also called powdery food) is the most common format of dried solid food material that meets specific quality standards, such as moisture content, particle size, and particular morphology. [1] Common powdery food products include milk powder, tea powder, cocoa powder, coffee powder, soybean flour, wheat flour, and chili powder. [1]
In the United Kingdom, a biscuit made without an external coating may only be described as "chocolate" if it contains at least 3% of dry cocoa solids. [2] If there is a coating, this must contain cocoa butter as the fat to be described as chocolate, rather than just "chocolate-flavoured".
The Dutch process was developed in the early 19th century by Dutch chocolate maker Coenraad Johannes van Houten, whose father Casparus was responsible for the development of the method of removing fat from cocoa beans by hydraulic press around 1828, forming the basis for cocoa powder. These developments greatly expanded the use of cocoa, and ...
Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid. The base and acid are prevented from reacting prematurely by the inclusion of a buffer such as cornstarch. Baking powder is used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods.
The history of chocolate cake goes back to the 17th century, when cocoa powder from the Americas was added to traditional cake recipes. [ 2 ] In 1828, Coenraad van Houten of the Netherlands developed a mechanical method for extracting the fat from cacao liquor, resulting in cacao butter and the partly defatted cacao , a compacted mass of solids ...
Cocoa powder contains about 2.1% theobromine by weight, [2] so 14 g (0.5 oz) of raw cocoa contains approximately 0.3 g theobromine. Processed chocolate, in general, has smaller amounts. The amount found in highly refined chocolate candies or sweets (typically 1.4–2.1 g/kg or 40–60 mg/oz) is much lower than that of dark chocolate or ...
Broma process – Method of extracting cocoa butter from cocoa beans; Conching – Process in the manufacture of chocolate; Dutch process cocoa – Cocoa that has been treated with an alkalizing agent; Federal Specification for Candy and Chocolate Confections – US standard for products made for use by the federal government