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Image of CD4 co-receptor binding to MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) non-polymorphic region. In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). CD4 is found on the surface of immune cells such as helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
A congenital disorder of glycosylation (previously called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome) is one of several rare inborn errors of metabolism in which glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids is deficient or defective. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are sometimes known as CDG syndromes.
Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare medical syndrome in which the body has too few CD4 + T lymphocytes, which are a kind of white blood cell. [2] ICL is sometimes characterized as "HIV-negative AIDS", though, in fact, its clinical presentation differs somewhat from that seen with HIV/AIDS. [3]
The depletion of CD4 T cells and the development of chronic inflammation are signature processes in HIV pathogenesis that propel progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). CD4 T cell depleted to the cell count of less than 200cell/μL in blood during AIDS allows various pathogens to escape T cell recognition, thus allowing ...
As well as being involved in forming a complex with MHC-II with TCR to control T-cell fate, the CD4 receptor is infamously the primary receptor that HIV envelope glycoprotein GP120 binds to. [6] In comparison, CD28 acts as a ‘co-coreceptor’ (costimulatory receptor) for the MHC-II binding with TCR and CD4. CD28 increases the IL-2 secretion ...
Thymoma with immunodeficiency (also known as "Good syndrome") is a rare disorder that occurs in adults in whom hypogammaglobulinemia, deficient cell-mediated immunity, and thymoma (usually benign) may develop almost simultaneously. [1]: 82 [2] Most reported cases are in Europe, though it occurs globally. [3]
Understanding of the antitumor immunity role of CD4 + T cells has grown substantially since the late 1990s. CD4 + T cells (mature T-helper cells ) play an important role in modulating immune responses to pathogens and tumor cells , and are important in orchestrating overall immune responses.
Carbohydrate-deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome (CDGS) Type Ia, Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Type Ia,Phosphomannomutase Deficiency [1],Jaeken Syndrome, PMM2-CDG , CDG1a PMM2 protein PMM2 deficiency or PMM2-CDG , previously CDG-Ia , is a very rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in PMM2 .