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The beech blight aphid (Grylloprociphilus imbricator) is a small insect in the order Hemiptera that feed primarily on the sap of American beech trees. The aphids form dense colonies on small branches and the undersides of leaves.
Scorias spongiosa is a specialist and grows exclusively on the honeydew formed by colonies of the beech blight aphid, Grylloprociphilus imbricator.This aphid is found only on one host plant, the American beech tree, Fagus grandifolia, where it congregates on branches and twigs, creating copious amounts of honeydew that drip onto vegetation below. [1]
Aphids reproducing asexually by parthenogenesis can have genetically identical winged and non-winged female progeny. Control is complex; some aphids alternate during their life-cycles between genetic control (polymorphism) and environmental control (polyphenism) of production of winged or wingless forms. [60]
Aphis fabae - blackfly, black bean aphid, bean aphid, or beet leaf aphid; Aphis gossypii - cotton aphid, melon aphid, or melon and cotton aphid; Beech blight aphid (Grylloprociphilus imbricator) Brevicoryne brassicae - cabbage aphid, cabbage aphid, or turnip aphid; Cinara cupressi - cypress aphid; Macrosiphum euphorbiae - potato aphid
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Aphidius wasps are endoparasitoids of aphids. The female wasp lays eggs in an aphid. When the eggs hatch, the wasp larvae feed on the inside of the aphid. As the larvae mature, the hosts die and become slightly enlarged or mummified, often becoming tan or yellow. Complete metamorphosis occurs within the host.
Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called partial metamorphosis and paurometabolism, [1] is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago.
When a cyclical parthenogenesis occurs, aphids reproduce sexually in the autumn and produce an overwintering egg, deposited on buds and bark crevices of the host plant. In spring the newly hatched nymphs develop in about two to three weeks and at least three molts to wingless, 2–3 mm large Fundatrix.