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The cells of bacteria (prokaryotes), such as salmonella, differ from those of higher-level organisms , such as fish. Antibiotics are chemicals designed to either kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria while exploiting the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to make them relatively harmless in higher-level ...
[11] [12] To prevent time-temperature abuse, the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized. [13] A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature, that is, a small decrease of cooking temperature can result in considerable numbers of cells surviving the process. [14]
Gradually raising the temperature of the tank may kill certain parasites, though some diseased fish may be harmed and certain species can not tolerate high temperatures. Aeration is necessary since less oxygen is dissolved in warm water. There are a number of effective treatments for many strains of bacterial infections.
When meat is not cooked to a food-safe temperature, it increases the risk of food poisoning and contracting foodborne bacteria like Listeria, Salmonella or E. coli, among others. This is why those ...
Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria; bacteriostatic antibiotics slow their growth or reproduction. Bactericidal antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis: the beta-lactam antibiotics ( penicillin derivatives ( penams ), cephalosporins ( cephems ), monobactams , and carbapenems ) and vancomycin .
The popularity of such raw fish dishes makes it important for consumers to be aware of this risk. Raw fish should be frozen to an internal temperature of −20 °C (−4 °F) for at least seven days to kill parasites. It is important to be aware that home freezers may not be cold enough to kill parasites. [67] [68]
The bacteria are ubiquitous in fresh water, and cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern – with disease most prevalent in air temperatures above 12–14 °C. Due to the appearance of bacterial clumps, it can be mistaken for a fungal infection. The disease is highly contagious, and the outcome is commonly fatal.
The D-value at an unknown temperature can be calculated knowing the D-value at a given temperature provided the Z-value is known. The target of reduction in canning is the 12- D reduction of C. botulinum, which means that processing time will reduce the amount of this bacteria by a factor of 10 12 .