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The MLA style manual has deprecated reference footnotes and reference endnotes for decades in favor of in-line bibliographic references. Footnotes are normally simply numbered numerically. Thus, determining who said what typically requires a reader to continually jump back and forth between the main body and the footnote/endnote to see if there ...
As before, the list of footnotes is automatically generated in a "Notes" or "Footnotes" section, which immediately precedes the "References" section containing the full citations to the source. Short citations can be written manually, or by using either the {{sfn}} or {{harvnb}} templates or the {{r}} referencing template.
The most common method is numbered footnotes within the text, but other forms are also used on occasion. Inline citations are often placed at the end of a sentence or paragraph. Inline citations may refer to electronic and print references such as books, magazines, encyclopedias, dictionaries and Internet pages.
Wikipedia uses various referencing systems to cite sources that support assertions in the article and to add explanatory and supplementary material. This page compares two systems that are currently used (Footnotes and Shortened footnotes) and two older systems that are deprecated and no longer used for new articles (Footnote3 and Parenthetical referencing).
Some or all of the footnotes can also be defined within the reference section/list, and invoked in the page content. This keeps those citations in one central location for easier maintenance and avoids cluttering the text. This is purely a source code change – the actual display of the citation in the text to a reader is unaffected.
Footnotes with list-defined references Shortened footnotes Citations can also be placed as external links , but these are not preferred because they are prone to link rot and usually lack the full information necessary to find the original source in cases of link rot.
Wikipedia:Citing sources with Zotero – essay on using Zotero to quickly add citations to articles. BibDesk Export Template – An export template for formatting Wikipedia citation templates in BibDesk, which is a free open-source BibTeX-based reference management software application for macOS
{{Format footnotes|{{subst:DATE}}}} or {{Format footnotes|date=January 2025}} Both options result in the same output. This template will add the page to Category:Articles needing footnote reformatting and Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify. A bot will add the date for you at a later time if you forgot.