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The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, [citation needed] is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. [1] Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C library POSIX specification , which is a superset of it.
The term can also be used as part of an action; to "perform I/O" is to perform an input or output operation. I/O devices are the pieces of hardware used by a human (or other system) to communicate with a computer. For instance, a keyboard or computer mouse is an input device for a computer, while monitors and printers are output devices.
File input and output (I/O) is not part of the C language itself but instead is handled by libraries (such as the C standard library) and their associated header files (e.g. stdio.h). File handling is generally implemented through high-level I/O which works through streams. A stream is from this perspective a data flow that is independent of ...
It is used to systematically identify, define, tabulate, design, and analyze functional and physical interfaces. It applies to system interfaces and hardware and/or software interfaces. [14] The N 2 diagram has been used extensively to develop data interfaces, primarily in the software areas. However, it can also be used to develop hardware ...
C = A+B needs four instructions. 3-operand, allowing better reuse of data: [11] CISC — It becomes either a single instruction: add a,b,c. C = A+B needs one instruction. CISC — Or, on machines limited to two memory operands per instruction, move a,reg1; add reg1,b,c; C = A+B needs two instructions.
Data flow diagram with data storage, data flows, function and interface. A data-flow diagram is a way of representing a flow of data through a process or a system (usually an information system). The DFD also provides information about the outputs and inputs of each entity and the process itself.
Programmed input–output (also programmable input/output, programmed input/output, programmed I/O, PIO) is a method of data transmission, via input/output (I/O), between a central processing unit (CPU) and a peripheral device, [1] such as a Parallel ATA storage device. Each data item transfer is initiated by an instruction in the program ...