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2. Biological tests of necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_tests_of...

   It is a necessary condition that an object has four sides if it is true that it is a square; conversely, the object being a square is a sufficient condition for it to be true that an object has four sides. [4] Four distinct combinations of necessity and sufficiency are possible for a relationship of two conditions. A first condition may be:

3. Control variable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_variable

   A variable in an experiment which is held constant in order to assess the relationship between multiple variables [a], is a control variable. [2] [3] A control variable is an element that is not changed throughout an experiment because its unchanging state allows better understanding of the relationship between the other variables being tested.

4. Operant conditioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

   Example: if a rat in a Skinner box gets food when it presses a lever, its rate of pressing will go up. Pressing the lever was positively reinforced. Pressing the lever was positively reinforced. Negative reinforcement (a.k.a. escape) occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing the ...

5. Scientific control - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_control

   For example, if the fertilizer was spread by a tractor but no tractor was used on the unfertilized treatment, then the effect of the tractor needs to be controlled. A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables ). [ 1 ]

6. Experiment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment

   In many laboratory experiments it is good practice to have several replicate samples for the test being performed and have both a positive control and a negative control. The results from replicate samples can often be averaged, or if one of the replicates is obviously inconsistent with the results from the other samples, it can be discarded as ...

7. Here's why being lazy can be a good thing, according to science

   www.aol.com/lifestyle/heres-why-being-lazy-good...

   Here’s what science has to say about the psychological benefits of ditching structure and focus in lieu of laziness — at least once in a while. 1. Letting your mind wander boosts creativity

8. Design of experiments - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments

   This example of design experiments is attributed to Harold Hotelling, building on examples from Frank Yates. [21] [22] [14] The experiments designed in this example involve combinatorial designs. [23] Weights of eight objects are measured using a pan balance and set of standard weights. Each weighing measures the weight difference between ...

9. Doctors Say This Is How You Can Loosen and Clear Mucus From ...

   www.aol.com/doctors-loosen-clear-mucus-chest...

   In adults and children age 2 and older, use it only on the neck and chest to ease coughing during a cold, per the Mayo Clinic. Vicks VapoRub is made of ingredients such as camphor, eucalyptus oil ...