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  2. Normalization (image processing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(image...

    max is the maximum value for color level in the input image within the selected kernel. min is the minimum value for color level in the input image within the selected kernel. [4] Local contrast stretching considers each range of color palate in the image (R, G, and B) separately, providing a set of minimum and maximum values for each color palate.

  3. Channel (digital image) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(digital_image)

    A channel in this context is the grayscale image of the same size as a color image, [citation needed] made of just one of these primary colors. For instance, an image from a standard digital camera will have a red, green and blue channel. A grayscale image has just one channel.

  4. Co-occurrence matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-occurrence_matrix

    A co-occurrence matrix or co-occurrence distribution (also referred to as : gray-level co-occurrence matrices GLCMs) is a matrix that is defined over an image to be the distribution of co-occurring pixel values (grayscale values, or colors) at a given offset. It is used as an approach to texture analysis with various applications especially in ...

  5. Quantization (image processing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(image...

    This technique is commonly used for simplifying images, reducing storage requirements, and facilitating processing operations. In grayscale quantization, an image with N intensity levels is converted into an image with a reduced number of levels, typically L levels, where L<N. The process involves mapping each pixel's original intensity value ...

  6. Grayscale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayscale

    Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit bi-tonal black-and-white images, which, in the context of computer imaging, are images with only two colors: black and white (also called bilevel or binary images). Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. Grayscale images can be the result of measuring the intensity of light at each pixel ...

  7. Otsu's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsu's_method

    hists is a 2D-histogram of grayscale value and neighborhood average grayscale value pair. total is the number of pairs in the given image.it is determined by the number of the bins of 2D-histogram at each direction. threshold is the threshold obtained.

  8. Bundle adjustment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundle_adjustment

    where (,) is the predicted projection of point on image and (,) denotes the Euclidean distance between the image points represented by vectors and . Because the minimum is computed over many points and many images, bundle adjustment is by definition tolerant to missing image projections, and if the distance metric is chosen reasonably (e.g ...

  9. Thresholding (image processing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thresholding_(image...

    The simplest thresholding methods replace each pixel in an image with a black pixel if the image intensity , is less than a fixed value called the threshold , or a white pixel if the pixel intensity is greater than that threshold. In the example image on the right, this results in the dark tree becoming completely black, and the bright snow ...