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Often, the motivation is to achieve consistency in dynamic range for a set of data, signals, or images to avoid mental distraction or fatigue. For example, a newspaper will strive to make all of the images in an issue share a similar range of grayscale. Normalization transforms an n-dimensional grayscale image : {} {,..
where , , and are the color-balanced tristimulus values; , , and are the tristimulus values of the viewing illuminant (the white point to which the image is being transformed to conform to); ′, ′, and ′ are the tristimulus values of an object believed to be white in the un-color-balanced image, and ′, ′, and ′ are the tristimulus ...
Mathematically, the gradient of a two-variable function (here the image intensity function) is at each image point a 2D vector with the components given by the derivatives in the horizontal and vertical directions. At each image point, the gradient vector points in the direction of largest possible intensity increase, and the length of the ...
Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software. For example when converting an image from a Truecolor 24-bit PNG format into a GIF format, which is restricted to a maximum of 256 colors.
For example, if applied to 8-bit image displayed with 8-bit gray-scale palette it will further reduce color depth (number of unique shades of gray) of the image. Histogram equalization will work the best when applied to images with much higher color depth than palette size, like continuous data or 16-bit gray-scale images.
Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit bi-tonal black-and-white images, which, in the context of computer imaging, are images with only two colors: black and white (also called bilevel or binary images). Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. Grayscale images can be the result of measuring the intensity of light at each pixel ...
This technique is commonly used for simplifying images, reducing storage requirements, and facilitating processing operations. In grayscale quantization, an image with N intensity levels is converted into an image with a reduced number of levels, typically L levels, where L<N. The process involves mapping each pixel's original intensity value ...
The Y′ image is essentially a greyscale copy of the main image. YCbCr, Y′CbCr, or Y Pb/Cb Pr/Cr, also written as YC B C R or Y′C B C R, is a family of color spaces used as a part of the color image pipeline in video and digital photography systems. Y′ is the luma component and C B and C R are the blue-difference and red-difference ...