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Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
The most common design of automatic transmissions is the hydraulic automatic, which typically uses planetary gearsets that are operated using hydraulics. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The transmission is connected to the engine via a torque converter (or a fluid coupling prior to the 1960s), instead of the friction clutch used by most manual transmissions and ...
The SM465 features dual provisions for power take-offs. The 1988-91 versions have an aluminum top with improved shift feel. The 1985 and newer versions utilize a hydraulic clutch release, replacing a mechanical linkage in older versions. A common wear factor in the form of abuse leads to having to manually hold the gear selector in third.
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually ...
The first Ultramatic Drive was a hydraulic torque converter automatic transmission with a two-speed plus reverse epicyclic geartrain, with torque converter lockup, called "Direct Drive" by Packard. The unit was fully hydraulically controlled with a "valve body," like most early automatic transmissions before the advent of electronic control.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 October 2024. Mechanical device that connects and disconnects two rotating shafts or other moving parts For other uses, see Clutch (disambiguation). Friction disk for a dry clutch A clutch is a mechanical device that allows an output shaft to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's ...
But some semi-automatic transmissions have also been based on standard hydraulic automatic transmissions with torque converters and planetary gearsets. [1] [2] Names for specific types of semi-automatic transmissions include clutchless manual, [3] auto-manual, [4] [5] auto-clutch manual, [6] [7] and paddle-shift transmissions.
The 1918 Reo owner's manual describes how to hand crank the automobile: First: Make sure the gear shifting lever is in neutral position. Second: The clutch pedal is unlatched and the clutch engaged. The brake pedal is pushed forward as far as possible setting brakes on the rear wheel.