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Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Sodium oxybate, sold under the brand name Xyrem among others, is a medication used to treat symptoms of narcolepsy: sudden muscle weakness and excessive daytime sleepiness. [3] [7] [8] It is used sometimes in France and Italy as an anesthetic given intravenously.
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin (/ ˈ r ɪ t ə l ɪ n / RIT-ə-lin) and Concerta (/ k ə n ˈ s ɜːr t ə / kən-SUR-tə) [citation needed] among others, is a FDA-approved central nervous system (CNS) stimulant to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and eugeroic (wakefulness promoter) medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, [3] [8] [15] a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. [16]
Patients with narcolepsy are diagnosed as either type 1 or type 2, with only the former presenting cataplexy symptoms. [57] Type 1 narcolepsy results from the loss of approximately 70,000 orexin -releasing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus , leading to significantly reduced cerebrospinal orexin levels; [ 58 ] [ 59 ] this reduction is a ...
Most commonly prescribed for ADHD, Adderall can also be used to treat narcolepsy (a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime tiredness or the sudden need to sleep).