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Anaximander. The main features of Archaic Greek cosmology are shared with those found in ancient near eastern cosmology.They include (a flat) earth, a heaven (firmament) where the sun, moon, and stars are located, an outer ocean surrounding the inhabited human realm, and the netherworld (), the first three of which corresponded to the gods Ouranos, Gaia, and Oceanus (or Pontos).
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The Callippic cycle of 76 years appears to be used in the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient astronomical mechanical clock and observational aide of the 2nd century BC (discovered in Mediterranean waters off Greece). The mechanism has a dial for the Callippic cycle and the 76 years are mentioned in the Greek text of the manual of this old device.
Aristarchus of Samos (/ ˌ æ r ə ˈ s t ɑːr k ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ Σάμιος, Aristarkhos ho Samios; c. 310 – c. 230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth revolving around the Sun once a year and rotating about its axis once a day.
Phaenon (Ancient Greek: Φαίνων, romanized: Phainon, lit. 'the shining one'), associated with the god Cronus, Saturn to the Romans. Greek astronomers correctly observed that Saturn was the furthest of the naked-eye planets from the earth, and calculated its orbit at thirty years, only slightly greater than the actual period of 29.45 years ...
The Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek astronomical observational device for calculating the movements of the Sun and the Moon, possibly the planets, dates from about 150–100 BC, and was the first ancestor of an astronomical computer. It was discovered in an ancient shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete.
The universe would be "lopsided and asymmetric—a notion repugnant to any Greek, and doubly so to a Pythagorean", [26] because Ancient Greeks believed all other celestial objects were composed of a fiery or ethereal matter having little or no density. [5]
Andronicus of Cyrrhus or Andronicus Cyrrhestes (Latin; Ancient Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Κυρρήστης, Andrónikos Kyrrhēstēs; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Macedonian astronomer best known for designing the Tower of the Winds in Roman Athens.