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The temporal structure of a spike train or firing rate evoked by a stimulus is determined both by the dynamics of the stimulus and by the nature of the neural encoding process. Stimuli that change rapidly tend to generate precisely timed spikes [28] (and rapidly changing firing rates in PSTHs) no matter what neural coding strategy is being used ...
Analyzing actual neural system in response to natural images In a report in Science from 2000, William E. Vinje and Jack Gallant outlined a series of experiments used to test elements of the efficient coding hypothesis, including a theory that the non-classical receptive field (nCRF) decorrelates projections from the primary visual cortex .
Nina Kraus is a professor at Northwestern University, investigating the neural encoding of speech and music and its plasticity where she is the Hugh S. Knowles Chair. [1]Her Auditory Neuroscience Lab, also known as Brainvolts, examines the biological processing of sound throughout the life span, how it is disrupted in clinical populations (language disorders; concussion), and how it reacts to ...
This neural coding and decoding loop is a symbiotic relationship and the crux of the brain's learning algorithm. Furthermore, the processes that underlie neural decoding and encoding are very tightly coupled and may lead to varying levels of representative ability. [7] [8]
Much of the early work that applied a predictive coding framework to neural mechanisms came from sensory processing, particularly in the visual cortex. [3] [12] These theories assume that the cortical architecture can be divided into hierarchically stacked levels, which correspond to different cortical regions. Every level is thought to house ...
Neuroscience acknowledges the existence of many types of memory and their physical location within the brain is likely to be dependent on the respective system mediating the encoding of this memory. [9] Such brain parts as the cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala are thought to play an important role in memory.
After encoding, the hippocampus is capable of going through the retrieval process. The retrieval process consists of accessing stored information; this allows learned behaviors to experience conscious depiction and execution. [1] Encoding and retrieval are both affected by neurodegenerative and anxiety disorders and epilepsy.
There are two main categories for neuromodulation therapy: chemical and electroceutical. The noninvasive electroceutical neurotherapy consists of five techniques: [42] Photonics neurostimulation through the image-forming vision pathways and skin irradiation. This technique is known as Light therapy, and also known as Phototherapy or Luxtherapy.