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An oxide (/ ˈ ɒ k s aɪ d /) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element [1] in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of –2) of oxygen, an O 2– ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials ...
A sesquioxide is an oxide of an element (or radical), where the ratio between the number of atoms of that element and the number of atoms of oxygen is 2:3. For example, aluminium oxide Al 2 O 3 and phosphorus(III) oxide P 4 O 6 are sesquioxides. Many sesquioxides contain a metal in the +3 oxidation state and the oxide ion O 2−, e.g ...
Many oxyanions of elements in lower oxidation state obey the octet rule and this can be used to rationalize the formulae adopted. For example, chlorine(V) has two valence electrons so it can accommodate three electron pairs from bonds with oxide ions. The charge on the ion is +5 − 3 × 2 = −1, and so the formula is ClO − 3.
The most common oxidation states are +2, +3, +4, and +8. The +8 oxidation state is notable for being the highest attained by any chemical element aside from iridium's +9 [1] and is encountered only in xenon, [2] [3] ruthenium, [4] hassium, [5] iridium, [6] and plutonium. [7] [8] The oxidation states −1 and −2 represented by the two reactive ...
Antimony(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Sb 2 O 3. It is the most important commercial compound of antimony. It is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite. [3] Like most polymeric oxides, Sb 2 O 3 dissolves in aqueous solutions with hydrolysis. A mixed arsenic-antimony oxide occurs in nature as the ...
Caesium sesquioxide is a chemical compound with the formula Cs 2 O 3 or more accurately Cs 4 O 6. It is an oxide of caesium containing oxygen in different oxidation states. It consists of caesium cations Cs +, superoxide anions O − 2 and peroxide anions O 2− 2. Caesium in this compound has an oxidation state of +1, while oxygen in ...
In some cases, the average oxidation state of an element is a fraction, such as 8 / 3 for iron in magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . The highest known oxidation state is reported to be +9, displayed by iridium in the tetroxoiridium(IX) cation ( IrO + 4 ). [ 1 ]
Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 3. It is a black solid prepared by reduction of V 2 O 5 with hydrogen or carbon monoxide. [3] [4] It is a basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium (III) complexes. [4] V 2 O 3 has the corundum structure. [4]