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The Arawak are a group of Indigenous peoples of northern South America and of the Caribbean.The term "Arawak" has been applied at various times to different Indigenous groups, from the Lokono of South America to the Taíno (Island Arawaks), who lived in the Greater Antilles and northern Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean.
The White Marl Taino site is an archaeological site between Kingston and Spanish town of Jamaica. Several archaeological studies in Jamaica have contributed to public knowledge regarding Amerindians. Across the entire island, the Archaeological Society of Jamaica has conducted excavations and surveys of Arawak sites since 1965. [1]
The Caribbean Island of Jamaica was initially inhabited in approximately 600 AD or 650 AD by the Redware people, often associated with redware pottery. [1] [2] [3] By roughly 800 AD, a second wave of inhabitants occurred by the Arawak tribes, including the Tainos, prior to the arrival of Columbus in 1494. [1]
The Indigenous peoples of the Greater Antilles are sometimes referred to as Island Arawaks. At the time of European contact in the late 15th century, they were the principal inhabitants of most of what is now Cuba , the Dominican Republic , Jamaica , Haiti , Puerto Rico , the Bahamas , and the northern Lesser Antilles .
[4] [5] Still these groups plus the high Taíno are considered Island Arawak, part of a widely diffused assimilating culture, a circumstance witnessed even today by names of places in the New World; for example localities or rivers called Guamá are found in Cuba, Venezuela and Brazil. Guamá was the name of famous Taíno who fought the Spanish ...
The Taíno ("Taíno" means "peace"), [2] were peaceful seafaring people and distant relatives of the Arawak people of South America. [3] [1] Taíno society was divided into two classes: Nitaino (nobles) and the Naboria (commoners). Both were governed by chiefs known as caciques, who were the maximum authority in a Yucayeque (village).
The island of Trinidad in particular was shared by both Kalinago and Arawak groups. Current evidence suggests there were two major migrations to the Caribbean. The first migration was of pre-Arawakan people like the Ciguayo who most likely migrated from Central America.
Around 950 AD, the people of the Meillacan culture settled on both the coast and the interior of Jamaica, either absorbing the Ostionoid people or co-inhabiting the island with them. [1] The Arawak–Taíno culture developed on Jamaica around 1200 AD. [3] They brought from South America a system of raising yuca known as "conuco."