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The "explanation" of the dispersion force as the interaction between two such dipoles was invented after London arrived at the proper quantum mechanical theory. The authoritative work [ 13 ] contains a criticism of the instantaneous dipole model [ 14 ] and a modern and thorough exposition of the theory of intermolecular forces.
A free particle with mass in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is described by the free Schrödinger equation: (,) = (,). where ψ is the wavefunction of the particle at position r and time t.
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot.
For an ideal string, the dispersion relation can be written as =, where T is the tension force in the string, and μ is the string's mass per unit length. As for the case of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, ideal strings are thus a non-dispersive medium, i.e. the phase and group velocities are equal and independent (to first order) of vibration ...
A fundamental physical constant occurring in quantum mechanics is the Planck constant, h. ... Dispersion of observable A = observables (eigenvalues of operator)
Quantum mechanics describes the nature of atomic and subatomic systems using Schrödinger's wave equation. The classical limit of quantum mechanics and many formulations of quantum scattering use wave packets formed from various solutions to this equation. Quantum wave packet profiles change while propagating; they show dispersion.
Some trajectories of a harmonic oscillator according to Newton's laws of classical mechanics (A–B), and according to the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics (C–H). In A–B, the particle (represented as a ball attached to a spring ) oscillates back and forth.
Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being half of wave–particle duality. At all scales where measurements have been practical, matter exhibits wave -like behavior. For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like a beam of light or a water wave.