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  2. Uremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uremia

    Uremia is the condition of having high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine.It can be defined as an excess in the blood of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, which would normally be excreted in the urine.

  3. Urea-to-creatinine ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea-to-creatinine_ratio

    In medicine, the urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR [1]), known in the United States as BUN-to-creatinine ratio, is the ratio of the blood levels of urea (mmol/L) and creatinine (Cr) (μmol/L). BUN only reflects the nitrogen content of urea (MW 28) and urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule (MW 60), urea is just over twice BUN (60/28 ...

  4. Azotemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotemia

    A urinalysis will typically show a decreased urine sodium level, a high urine creatinine-to-serum creatinine ratio, a high urine urea-to-serum urea ratio, and concentrated urine (determined by osmolality and specific gravity). None of these is particularly useful in diagnosis.

  5. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    Abnormal kidney function may cause too much or too little urine to be produced. The ability of the kidneys to filter protein is often measured, as urine albumin or urine protein levels, [2] measured either at a single instance or, because of variation throughout the day, as 24-hour urine tests. [citation needed]

  6. Blood urea nitrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_urea_nitrogen

    The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain 7 to 18 mg/dL (0.388 to 1 mmol/L) of urea nitrogen. [1] Individual laboratories may have different reference ranges, as they may use different assays. [2] [3] [4] The test is used to detect kidney problems.

  7. Reference ranges for urine tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_urine...

    Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit ... per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood ...

  8. Urinalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinalysis

    Trace levels of protein in the urine can be normal, [60] but high levels (proteinuria) can indicate kidney disease. [45] Most cases of proteinuria are caused by increased levels of albumin , [ 61 ] which test strips can detect relatively well; but they are markedly less sensitive to other proteins, such as Bence-Jones protein , [ 62 ] which may ...

  9. Urine urea nitrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_urea_nitrogen

    UUN is determined from 24-hour urine collection. Along with UUN, values for BUN, protein content of diet, enteral or parenteral nutrition, and notable outputs other than urine (gastric residual, fistula output, drainages) are needed to calculate nitrogen balance. Nitrogen Balance = Protein intake/6.25- (UN + 4*) * For average loss via sweat and ...