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Peak blood alcohol concentrations may be estimated by dividing the amount of ethanol ingested by the body weight of the individual and correcting for water dilution. [4] For time-dependent calculations, Swedish professor Erik Widmark developed a model of alcohol pharmacokinetics in the 1920s. [ 120 ]
The other elimination pathways are less important in the elimination of drugs, except in very specific cases, such as the respiratory tract for alcohol or anaesthetic gases. The case of mother's milk is of special importance. The liver and kidneys of newly born infants are relatively undeveloped and they are highly sensitive to a drug's toxic ...
Other factors include the mass transfer coefficient, dialysate flow and dialysate recirculation flow for hemodialysis, and the glomerular filtration rate and the tubular reabsorption rate, for the kidney. A physiologic interpretation of clearance (at steady-state) is that clearance is a ratio of the mass generation and blood (or plasma ...
“When alcohol is metabolized, it produces acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that damages DNA and impairs the body’s ability to repair this damage,” says Andrews. “This DNA damage can set the ...
The removal of ethanol (drinking alcohol) through oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver from the human body is limited. Hence the removal of a large concentration of alcohol from blood may follow zero-order kinetics. Also the rate-limiting steps for one substance may be in common with other substances.
The liver is the major site of first pass effect; however, it can also occur in the lungs, vasculature or other metabolically active tissues in the body. Notable drugs that experience a significant first pass effect are buprenorphine , chlorpromazine , cimetidine , diazepam , ethanol (drinking alcohol), imipramine , insulin , lidocaine ...
"Alcohol can cause inflammation in the GI tract, but it can also make your body purge fluid which, when you rehydrate quickly after chugging some water, can cause some serious bloating," Moody ...
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