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  2. Kelp forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest

    In the North Pacific kelp forests, particularly rockfish, and many invertebrates, such as amphipods, shrimp, marine snails, bristle worms, and brittle stars. Many marine mammals and birds are also found, including seals, sea lions, whales, sea otters , gulls, terns, snowy egrets , great blue herons , and cormorants, as well as some shore birds.

  3. Kelp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp

    Kelp grows in "underwater forests" (kelp forests) in shallow oceans. Kelps were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene , 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California. [ 5 ] New fossils of kelp holdfasts from early Oligocene rocks in Washington State show that kelps were present in the northeastern Pacific Ocean by at ...

  4. Pterygophora californica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygophora_californica

    Pterygophora californica is a large species of kelp, commonly known as stalked kelp. It is the only species in its genus Pterygophora (Ruprecht, 1852). [2] It grows in shallow water on the Pacific coast of North America where it forms part of a biodiverse community in a "kelp forest". It is sometimes also referred to as woody-stemmed kelp ...

  5. Macrocystis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocystis

    In recent years, the kelp forests have decreased dramatically throughout Japan, Chile, Korea, Australia and North America. [50] Harvesting of kelp as a food source and other uses may be the least concerning aspect to its depletion. In the Northwest Pacific kelp forests in waters near large population centres may be most affected by the sewer ...

  6. Giant sea bass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_sea_bass

    In the eastern North Pacific, its range is from Humboldt Bay, California, to the Gulf of California, Mexico, most common from Point Conception southward. In the northwestern Pacific it occurs around Japan. [7] It usually stays near kelp forests, drop-offs, or rocky bottoms and sand or mudflats. [8]

  7. Norrisia norrisii - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norrisia_norrisii

    More commonly Norrisia norrisii is found in the shallow subtidal, particularly in kelp forests. On Santa Catalina Island off the coast of southern California, Norrisia norrisii is commonly seen crawling up and down stipes of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. [9] [12]

  8. List of marine ecoregions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_marine_ecoregions

    The following is a list of marine ecoregions, as defined by the WWF and The Nature Conservancy. The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme groups the individual ecoregions into 12 marine realms, which represent the broad latitudinal divisions of polar, temperate, and tropical seas, with subdivisions based on ocean basins.

  9. Cascade effect (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)

    Also, since kelp forest ecosystems are homes to many other species, the loss of the kelp ultimately caused their extinction as well. [6] In conclusion, the loss of sea otters in local areas along the Pacific coast seems to have caused a cascade effect of secondary extinctions, continuing into the present day.