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The Missouria or Missouri (in their own language, Niúachi, also spelled Niutachi) are a Native American tribe that originated in the Great Lakes region of what is now the United States before European contact. [2] The tribe belongs to the Chiwere division of the Siouan language family, together with the Ho-Chunk, Winnebago, Iowa, and Otoe. [2]
Chiwere (also called Iowa-Otoe-Missouria or Báxoje-Jíwere-Nyútʼach) is a Siouan language originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples, who originated in the Great Lakes region but later moved throughout the Midwest and plains.
Truman Washington Dailey, (October 19, 1898 – December 16, 1996) also known as Mashi Manyi ("Soaring High") and Sunge Hka ("White Horse"), was the last native speaker of the Otoe-Missouria dialect of Chiwere (Baxoje-Jiwere-Nyut'achi), a Native American language. He was a member of the Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians.
The advent of Spanish rule terminated what had been nearly a century of French domination and control of the Missouria and Osage tribes. Spanish officials, suspicious of the Big Osage because of their raids against tribes friendly to Spain, adopted harsh measures against the Big Osage, Little Osage, and Missouria (Chapman 1959b:4).
The Otoe–Missouria Tribe of Indians is headquartered in Red Rock, Oklahoma, and their tribal jurisdictional area is in Noble and Kay counties. In 2011, they had 3,089 enrolled tribal members, with the majority living in the state of Oklahoma. The Tribal Council is the elected governing body of the Otoe–Missouria Tribe.
The Otoe were once part of the Ho-Chunk and Siouan-speaking tribes of the Western Great Lakes and Upper Midwest. Around the 16th century, successive groups split off and migrated west and south. These became distinct tribes, the Otoe, the Missouria, and the Ioway. The Otoe settled in the lower Nemaha River valley.
Bourgmont, a fugitive from justice, became a coureur des bois for several years during his early career.. Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont (April 1679 – 1734) was a French explorer who documented his travels on the Missouri and Platte rivers in North America and made the first European maps of these areas in the early 18th century.
The Wichita (and other tribes) signed a treaty of friendship with the U.S. in 1835. [34] The tribe's headquarters are in Anadarko, Oklahoma. In the 18th century, prior to Indian Removal by the U.S. federal government, the Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche people entered into Indian Territory from the west, and the Quapaw and Osage entered from the east.