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When reading from standard program storage, there are no side-effects due to the order of memory read operations. In embedded system programming, it is very common to have memory-mapped I/O where reads and writes to memory trigger I/O operations, or changes to the processor's operational mode, which are highly visible side effects. For the ...
Machine language monitor running on a W65C816S microprocessor, displaying code disassembly, and dumps of processor register and memory. In computer programming, machine code is computer code consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer's central processing unit (CPU).
Bit manipulation instructions sets (BMI sets) are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture for microprocessors from Intel and AMD. The purpose of these instruction sets is to improve the speed of bit manipulation. All the instructions in these sets are non-SIMD and operate only on general-purpose registers.
The MOS Technology 6502 is an example of a microprocessor using a PLA for instruction decode and sequencing. The PLA is visible in photomicrographs of the chip, [12] and its operation can be seen in the transistor-level simulation. Microprogramming is still used in modern CPU designs.
A compare-and-swap operation is an atomic version of the following pseudocode, where * denotes access through a pointer: [1]. function cas(p: pointer to int, old: int, new: int) is if *p ≠ old return false *p ← new return true
The types of operations may include arithmetic, data copying, logical operations, and program control, as well as special instructions (e.g., CPUID). [10] In addition to the opcode, many instructions also specify the data (known as operands) the operation will act upon, although some instructions may have implicit operands or none at all. [10]
Minimal instruction set computer (MISC) is a central processing unit (CPU) architecture, usually in the form of a microprocessor, with a very small number of basic operations and corresponding opcodes, together forming an instruction set. Such sets are commonly stack-based rather than register-based to reduce the size of operand specifiers.
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most bitwise operations are presented as two-operand ...