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Electronic stability control (ESC), also referred to as electronic stability program (ESP) or dynamic stability control (DSC), is a computerized technology [1] [2] that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction . [3]
For example, if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake, which will help turn the car left. The sensors are so sensitive and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver reacts.
The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.
CBC was first introduced by the German automobile manufacturer BMW in 1992 under their new Dynamic Stability Control feature. It was included in the 1992 750i model (their 7-series sedan), and it added a further safety measure to their pre-existing ABS and Automatic Stability Control (ASC) features. [1]
DOT 5.1 fluids are specified with low viscosity over a wide range of temperatures, although not all cars fitted with ABS or ESP specify DOT 5.1 brake fluid. [12] For a faster reaction of the ABS and ESP systems, DOT 4 and DOT 5.1 brake fluids exist with low viscosity meeting the maximum 750 mm 2 /s viscosity at −40 °C (−40 °F) requirement ...
A differential in a car is constructed to drive a set of wheels and allows them to rotate at different speeds. If a car doesn't have a differential, this would make turning difficult and cause greater tire wear. In cars with CWS and ESP, the differential has many sensors and electronics to be able to control the differential using software.
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The Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC) system allows for precise control of brake pressure at each wheel, enabling the use of stability control methods such as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Program (ESP). The system incorporates features designed to enhance driver convenience, including: