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  2. Dihydroxybenzenes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroxybenzenes

    There are three structural isomers: 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (the ortho isomer) is commonly known as catechol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (the meta isomer) is commonly known as resorcinol, and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (the para isomer) is commonly known as hydroquinone. [1]

  3. Catechol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol

    Catechol (/ ˈ k æ t ɪ tʃ ɒ l / or / ˈ k æ t ɪ k ɒ l /), also known as pyrocatechol or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2. It is the ortho isomer of the three isomeric benzenediols .

  4. Arene substitution pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arene_substitution_pattern

    Fractional crystallisation can be used to obtain pure para product, relying on the principle that it is less soluble than the ortho and thus will crystallise first. Care must be taken to avoid cocrystallisation of the ortho isomer. [2] Many nitro compounds' ortho and para isomers have quite different boiling points. These isomers can often be ...

  5. 1,2-Benzoquinone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2-Benzoquinone

    1,2-Benzoquinone, also called ortho-benzoquinone, is an organic compound with formula C 6 H 4 O 2. It is one of the two isomers of quinone , the other being 1,4-benzoquinone . It is a red volatile solid that is soluble in water and ethyl ether .

  6. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    The methyl group in toluene is small and will lead the ortho product being the major product. On the other hand, the t-butyl group is very bulky (there are 3 methyl groups attached to a single carbon) and will lead the para product as the major one. Even with toluene, the product is not 2:1 but having a slightly less ortho product.

  7. A review that considered berberine’s effects on heart health found some studies supporting this claim, but due to the high risk of bias, the researchers recommended more clinical trials be ...

  8. Ortho effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortho_effect

    There are three main ortho effects in substituted benzene compounds: Steric hindrance forces cause substitution of a chemical group in the ortho position of benzoic acids become stronger acids. Steric inhibition of protonation caused by substitution of anilines to become weaker bases, compared to substitution of isomers in the meta and para ...

  9. Chlorine-free germanium processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine-free_germanium...

    Following a nearly identical reaction scheme as the oxidation of germanium metal with ortho-quinone, dehydration of with catechol ligands results in the same product as the oxidation product, with similar yield 74% on milligram scale and 84% on the gram scale. This particular scheme is of much note since the sole byproduct of this reaction is ...