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Types of manifolds in engineering include: Exhaust manifold An engine part that collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe. Also known as headers. Hydraulic manifold A component used to regulate fluid flow in a hydraulic system, thus controlling the transfer of power between actuators and pumps Inlet manifold (or "intake ...
Let M be a smooth manifold. A (smooth) singular k-simplex in M is defined as a smooth map from the standard simplex in R k to M. The group C k (M, Z) of singular k-chains on M is defined to be the free abelian group on the set of singular k-simplices in M. These groups, together with the boundary map, ∂, define a chain complex.
The flow in manifolds is extensively encountered in many industrial processes when it is necessary to distribute a large fluid stream into several parallel streams and then to collect them into one discharge stream, such as fuel cells, plate heat exchanger, radial flow reactor, and irrigation. Manifolds can usually be categorized into one of ...
This atlas contains every chart that is compatible with the smooth structure. There is a natural one-to-one correspondence between smooth structures and maximal smooth atlases. Thus, we may regard a smooth structure as a maximal smooth atlas and vice versa. In general, computations with the maximal atlas of a manifold are rather unwieldy.
It follows that is a regular value of , so () and its quotient / are both smooth manifolds. The quotient inherits a symplectic form from M {\displaystyle M} ; that is, there is a unique symplectic form on the quotient whose pullback to μ − 1 ( 0 ) {\displaystyle \mu ^{-1}(0)} equals the restriction of ω {\displaystyle \omega } to μ − 1 ...
In this case, (,) is called a Kähler structure, and a Kähler manifold is a manifold endowed with a Kähler structure. In particular, a Kähler manifold is both a complex and a symplectic manifold. A large class of Kähler manifolds (the class of Hodge manifolds) is given by all the smooth complex projective varieties.
Double pipe heat exchanger Fixed straight tubes heat exchanger: U-shaped tubes heat exchanger Spiral heat exchanger Covered gas vent Curved gas vent Air filter: Funnel or tundish: Steam trap: Viewing glass Pressure reducing valve: Valve: Gate valve: Control valve: Manual valve Check valve: Needle valve: Butterfly valve: Diaphragm valve: Ball ...
An affine space, as with essentially any smooth Klein geometry, is a manifold equipped with a flat Cartan connection. More general affine manifolds or affine geometries are obtained easily by dropping the flatness condition expressed by the Maurer-Cartan equations. There are several ways to approach the definition and two will be given.