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The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header and is identified by its protocol number, 1. [6] All ICMP packets have an eight-byte header and variable-sized data section. The first four bytes of the header have fixed format, while the last four bytes depend on the type and code of the ICMP packet.
The Echo Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 862 by Jon Postel. It was originally proposed as a way to test and measure an IP network. A host may connect to a server that supports the Echo Protocol using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on the well-known port ...
Protocol Number Keyword Protocol References/RFC; 0x00 0 HOPOPT IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option: RFC 8200: 0x01 1 ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol: RFC 792: 0x02 2 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol: RFC 1112: 0x03 3 GGP Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol: RFC 823: 0x04 4 IP-in-IP IP in IP (encapsulation) RFC 2003: 0x05 5 ST Internet Stream Protocol ...
Pinging involves sending an ICMP echo request to the target host and waiting for an ICMP echo reply. The program reports errors, packet loss , and a statistical summary of the results, typically including the minimum, maximum, the mean round-trip times, and standard deviation of the mean.
Cisco's implementation of traceroute also uses a sequence of UDP datagrams, each with incrementing TTL values, to an invalid port number at the remote host; by default, UDP port 33434 is used. An extended version of this command (known as the extended traceroute command) can change the destination port number used by the UDP probe messages. [13]
IP address of the immediate next-hop (not the BGP nexthop) along the route to the destination; Source & destination IP masks (prefix lengths in the CIDR notation) For ICMP flows, the Source Port is zero, and the Destination Port number field codes ICMP message Type and Code (port = ICMP-Type * 256 + ICMP-Code) [citation needed].
Protocol Encapsulation Chart - A PDF file illustrating the relationship between common protocols and the OSI Reference Model. Network Protocols Acronyms and Abbreviations - list of network protocols with abbreviations order by index.
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...