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  2. Science and technology of the Han dynasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_of...

    Iron ore smelted in blast furnaces during the Han was rarely if ever cast directly into permanent molds; instead, the pig iron scraps were remelted in the cupola furnace to make cast iron. [20] Cupola furnaces utilized a cold blast traveling through tuyere pipes from the bottom and over the top where the charge of charcoal and pig iron was ...

  3. Du Shi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Shi

    The historical text Sanguo Zhi (Records of the Three Kingdoms) records the use of both human labor and horse-power to operate metallurgic bellows of a blast furnace before water-power was applied. [7] It also records that the engineer and Prefect of Luoling Han Ji (d. 238) reinvented a similar water-powered bellows that Du Shi had earlier ...

  4. Cupola furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupola_furnace

    During the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), most, if not all, iron smelted in the blast furnace was remelted in a cupola furnace; it was designed so that a cold blast injected at the bottom traveled through tuyere pipes across the top where the charge (i.e. of charcoal and scrap or pig iron) was dumped, the air becoming a hot blast before ...

  5. Völklingen Ironworks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Völklingen_Ironworks

    Aerial view of the Völklingen Ironworks. In 1873, Julius Buch planned and built a steel works near Völklingen on the banks of the Saar river. [1] However, the steel works ceased operation only 6 years later, and were acquired by Karl Röchling. in 1881, construction on a blast furnace for producing iron began, and two years later the first smelter began operation. [1]

  6. Hashino iron mining and smelting site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashino_iron_mining_and...

    Hashino iron mining and smelting site (橋野高炉跡, Hashino kōro ato) is the ruins of an iron smelting and primitive blast furnace built by the Tokugawa shogunate during the final years of the Edo period in the Hashino neighborhood of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate in the Tohoku region of northern Japan.

  7. History of metallurgy in China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_China

    There is no evidence of the bloomery in China after the appearance of the blast furnace and cast iron. In China, blast furnaces produced cast iron, which was then either converted into finished implements in a cupola furnace, or turned into wrought iron in a fining hearth. [34] If iron ores are heated with carbon to 1420–1470 K, a molten ...

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  9. List of preserved historic blast furnaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_preserved_historic...

    Two blast furnaces have been preserved, including outer frames, furnaces and Cowper stoves. A protective paint coating minimizes the rusting effects on the blast furnaces. Blast furnace 6 is accessible to the public as part of guided tours. A colorful light installation illuminates the entire area at nighttime. [8] [9] Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Bavaria