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[6] [7] NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big data and real-time web applications. [8] Motivations for this approach include simplicity of design, simpler "horizontal" scaling to clusters of machines (which is a problem for relational databases), [5] finer control over availability, and limiting the object-relational impedance mismatch. [9]
As of 2016, companies like Google, Amazon and Facebook deal with large amounts of data that are difficult to store efficiently. They use NoSQL databases, which are based on the principles of the unnormalized relational model, to deal with the storage issue. [5] Some examples of NoSQL databases are MongoDB, Apache Cassandra and Redis.
According to computer scientist Eric Brewer of the University of California, Berkeley, the theorem first appeared in autumn 1998. [9] It was published as the CAP principle in 1999 [10] and presented as a conjecture by Brewer at the 2000 Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC). [11]
A document-oriented database is a specialized key-value store, which itself is another NoSQL database category. In a simple key-value store, the document content is opaque. A document-oriented database provides APIs or a query/update language that exposes the ability to query or update based on the internal structure in the document. This ...
Object–relational impedance mismatch is a set of difficulties going between data in relational data stores and data in domain-driven object models. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) is the standard method for storing data in a dedicated database, while object-oriented (OO) programming is the default method for business-centric design in programming languages.
Most NoSQL data stores, however, do not have a fixed schema. Each row can have a different number and even different type of columns. Concerning the data store, modifications in the schema are no problem. This makes this kind of data stores more elastic concerning the data model. [1]
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The elementary key normal form (EKNF) falls strictly between 3NF and BCNF and is not much discussed in the literature. It is intended "to capture the salient qualities of both 3NF and BCNF" while avoiding the problems of both (namely, that 3NF is "too forgiving" and BCNF is "prone to computational complexity"). Since it is rarely mentioned in ...