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Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is the use of prescribed doses of ketamine as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. KAP shows significant potential in treating mental disorders such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and other conditions. [1]
Ketamine comes with a “unique set of risks, both to the individual but also to society,” including the potential for drug abuse and unknown effects of frequent use, especially at higher levels.
You may have also heard of ketamine therapy, which uses ketamine, a drug that was originally used as an animal anesthetic, administered in a clinical setting to improve mental health symptoms.
Ketamine potentiates the sedative effects of propofol [85] and midazolam. [86] Naltrexone potentiates psychotomimetic effects of a low dose of ketamine, [87] while lamotrigine [38] and nimodipine [39] decrease them. Clonidine reduces the increase of salivation, heart rate, and blood pressure during ketamine anesthesia and decreases the ...
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is also currently in Phase 2 trials for eating disorders, [11] anxiety associated with life-threatening illness, [12] and social anxiety in autistic adults. [ 13 ] Psilocybin , a compound in psilocybin mushrooms that serves as a prodrug for psilocin , is currently being investigated in clinical trials of Hallucinogen ...
Five subjects dropped out of the ketamine study; of these, four were taking valproate and one was being treated with lithium. One patient showed signs of hypomania following ketamine administration and two experienced low mood. This study demonstrates a rapid-onset antidepressant effect of ketamine in a small group of patients with bipolar ...
Ketamine has been tested as a rapid-acting antidepressant [22] for treatment-resistant depression in bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. [23] Spravato, a nasal spray form of esketamine, was approved by the FDA in 2019 for use in treatment-resistant depression when combined with an oral antidepressant. [24] [25]
However, these effects are often short-lived, and attempts to prolong the antidepressant effect with repeated doses and extended ("maintenance") treatment have resulted in only modest success. [69] A nasal spray formulation of esketamine , sold under the brand name Spravato, gained FDA approval in 2019 for the treatment of treatment-resistant ...