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  2. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics, one of the foundational texts of the discipline. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the fundamental categories of human ...

  3. Outline of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_metaphysics

    Metaphysics can be described as all of the following: Branch of philosophy – philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

  4. Absolute (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_(philosophy)

    In philosophy (often specifically metaphysics), the absolute, [a] in most common usage, is a perfect, self-sufficient reality that depends upon nothing external to itself. [2] In theology , the term is also used to designate the supreme being.

  5. Metaphysical necessity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_necessity

    Ludwig Wittgenstein likewise critiqued the notion of 'metaphysical neccessity' writing that "the sun will rise to-morrow, is an hypothesis; and that means that we do not know whether it will rise. A necessity for one thing to happen because another has happened does not exist. There is only logical necessity". [11]

  6. Metaphysical naturalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_naturalism

    Metaphysical naturalism is the philosophical basis of science as described by Kate and Vitaly (2000). "There are certain philosophical assumptions made at the base of the scientific method – namely, 1) that reality is objective and consistent, 2) that humans have the capacity to perceive reality accurately, and that 3) rational explanations exist for elements of the real world.

  7. Monad (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad_(philosophy)

    According to Hippolytus, the worldview was inspired by the Pythagoreans, who called the first thing that came into existence the "monad", which begat (bore) the dyad (from the Greek word for two), which begat the numbers, which begat the point, begetting lines or finiteness, etc. [3] It meant divinity, the first being, or the totality of all beings, referring in cosmogony (creation theories ...

  8. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Saturday, December 14

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    We mean it. Read no further until you really want some clues or you've completely given up and want the answers ASAP. Get ready for all of today's NYT 'Connections’ hints and answers for #552 on ...

  9. Idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism

    Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".