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  2. Cosmic distance ladder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder

    The Sigma-D relation (or Σ-D relation), used in elliptical galaxies, relates the angular diameter (D) of the galaxy to its velocity dispersion. It is important to describe exactly what D represents, in order to understand this method. It is, more precisely, the galaxy's angular diameter out to the surface brightness level of 20.75 B-mag arcsec ...

  3. Holmberg 15A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmberg_15A

    Holmberg 15A (abbreviated to Holm 15A) is a supergiant elliptical galaxy and the central dominant galaxy of the Abell 85 galaxy cluster in the constellation Cetus, about 700 million light-years from Earth. [1] It was discovered c. 1937 by Erik Holmberg. [2]

  4. Galactic quadrant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_quadrant

    Quadrants are described using ordinals—for example, "1st galactic quadrant", [1] "second galactic quadrant", [2] or "third quadrant of the Galaxy". [3] Viewing from the north galactic pole with 0 degrees (°) as the ray that runs starting from the Sun and through the galactic center, the quadrants are as follows (where l is galactic longitude):

  5. Galaxy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

    The Milky Way galaxy is a member of an association named the Local Group, a relatively small group of galaxies that has a diameter of approximately one megaparsec. The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are the two brightest galaxies within the group; many of the other member galaxies are dwarf companions of these two. [176]

  6. Astronomical object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object

    An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe. [1]

  7. Galactic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_coordinate_system

    In some work regarding the distant past or future the galactic coordinate system is taken as rotating so that the x-axis always goes to the centre of the galaxy. [ 6 ] There are two major rectangular variations of galactic coordinates, commonly used for computing space velocities of galactic objects.

  8. Cartwheel Galaxy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartwheel_Galaxy

    The Cartwheel Galaxy (also known as ESO 350-40 or PGC 2248) is a lenticular ring galaxy about 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor. [1] It has a D 25 isophotal diameter of 44.23 kiloparsecs (144,300 light-years), and a mass of about 2.9–4.8 × 10 9 solar masses; its outer ring has a circular velocity of 217 km/s.

  9. List of galaxies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_galaxies

    Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale. The following is a list of notable galaxies.. There are about 51 galaxies in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list), on the order of 100,000 in the Local Supercluster, and an estimated 100 billion in all of the observable universe.