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Bahrain is the dual form of Arabic word Bahr (meaning literally "sea"), so al-Bahrayn originally means literally "the two seas".However, the name has been lexicalised as a feminine proper noun and does not follow the grammatical rules for duals; thus its form is always Bahrayn and never Bahrān, the expected nominative form.
It is an archipelago of 33 islands, the largest being Bahrain Island, at 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway. Iran lies 200 km (124 mi) to the north of Bahrain, across the Gulf. The peninsula of Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.
The State of Bahrain (Arabic: دولة البحرين Dawlat al-Baḥrayn) was the name of Bahrain from 1971 to 2002. On 15 August 1971, Bahrain declared independence and signed a new treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom. Bahrain joined the United Nations and the Arab League later in the year. [3]
The name is claimed by some to be derived from the Arabic word الْمَنَامَة (el-Menâme) meaning "the place of rest" or "the place of dreams". [7] Originally it was called simply "Manamah" before being renamed to Al-Manamah.
In 1753, Bahrain was occupied by the Arabs of Abu Shahr of the Bushire-based Al Madhkur family, [69] who ruled Bahrain in the name of Persia and paid allegiance to Karim Khan Zand. During the Qajar era , Persian control over Bahrain waned.
The name derives from the mountainous and hilly landscape of the western half of the island of Hispaniola. Hispaniola (name of the island shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic) – a Latinization of the Spanish name La Española, meaning "The Spanish (island)", a name given to the island by Columbus in 1492. [232]
The origin of the Baharna is debated; [2] there are different theories regarding their origins. Several Western scholars believe the Baharna originate from Bahrain's ancient population and pre-Islamic population which consisted of partially-Christianized Arabs, [7] [8] Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists, [7] [9] [10] Persian Zoroastrians, and a small amount of Jews. [2]
Tylos (Ancient Greek: Τύλος) was the Greek exonym of ancient Bahrain in the classical era, during which the island was a center of maritime trade and pearling in the Erythraean Sea. [1] The name Tylos is thought to be a Hellenisation of the Semitic Tilmun (from Dilmun). [2] From the 6th to 3rd century BC Bahrain was part of the Persian ...