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  2. Gurmukhi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi

    The letter ਸ਼, already in use by the time of the earliest Punjabi grammars produced, along with ਜ਼ and ਲ਼, [49] enabled the previously unmarked distinction of /s/ and the well-established phoneme /ʃ/, which is used even in native echo doublets e.g. rō̆ṭṭī-śō̆ṭṭī "stuff to eat"; the loansounds f, z, x, and ġ as ...

  3. Hindi–Urdu transliteration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi–Urdu_transliteration

    Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.

  4. Wikipedia:Indic transliteration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Indic...

    The Western Punjabi Alphabet Sinhala to International Phonetic Alphabet Transliteration Scheme Free Online Indic Transliteration in all Indian Languages and to image conversion Bengali - Hindi - Kannada - Malayalam - Oriya - Punjabi - Tamil - Gujarati - Punjabi\Gurumukhi & Telugu

  5. Official scripts of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_scripts_of_India

    Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli ...

  6. Punjabi alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_alphabet

    Punjabi alphabet may refer to the: Gurmukhī alphabet, an Indic script; Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Arabic script This page was last edited on 1 ...

  7. Punjabi language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language

    In Pakistan, Punjabi is generally written using the Shahmukhī script, which in literary standards, is identical to the Urdu alphabet, however various attempts have been made to create certain, distinct characters from a modification of the Persian Nastaʿlīq characters to represent Punjabi phonology, not already found in the Urdu alphabet. In ...

  8. Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu

    The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

  9. Shahmukhi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi

    Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.