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IBM 407 (left) with IBM 519 (on right). The 407 read punched cards, totaled fields on the cards, made simple decisions, printed results, and, with the aid of a summary punch, output results on punched cards that could be input to other processing steps. The operation of the 407 was directed by the use of a removable control panel and a carriage ...
An operator inserting a control panel into an IBM 407 Accounting Machine [2] Another panel is on the floor nearby. The earliest machines were hardwired for specific applications. Inspired by telephone switchboards , Otto Schäffler invented the plugboard in order to easily reprogram tabulators.
IBM 402 and 403, from 1948, were modernized successors to the 405. Control panel for an IBM 402 Accounting Machine. The 1952 Bull Gamma 3 could be attached to this tabulator or to a card read/punch. [20] [21] IBM 407. Introduced in 1949, the 407 was the mainstay of the IBM unit record product line for almost three decades.
The description below describes an all-IBM shop (a "shop" is programmer jargon for a programming site) but shops using other brands of mainframes (or minicomputers) would have similar equipment although because of cost or availability might have different manufacturer's equipment, e.g. an NCR, ICL, Hewlett-Packard (HP) or Control Data shop would have NCR, ICL, HP, or Control Data computers ...
The operation of Hollerith/BTM/IBM/Bull tabulators and many other types of unit record equipment was directed by a control panel. [85] Operation of Powers-Samas/Remington Rand unit record equipment was directed by a connection box. [86] Control panels had a rectangular array of holes called hubs which were organized into groups.
The 402 and 403 were primarily controlled by a removable control panel. Additional controls included a carriage control tape and mechanical levers called hammersplits and hammerlocks, that controlled some printing functions. [1] Both the IBM 402 and IBM 403 were considered smaller models of the prior model IBM 405.
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Products, services, and subsidiaries have been offered from International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation and its predecessor corporations since the 1890s. [1] This list comprises those offerings and is eclectic; it includes, for example, the AN/FSQ-7, which was not a product in the sense of offered for sale, but was a product in the sense of manufactured—produced by the labor of IBM.