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2. International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Terrestrial...

   An International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is a realization of the ITRS. Its origin is at the center of mass of the whole earth including the oceans and atmosphere. New ITRF solutions are produced every few years, using the latest mathematical and surveying techniques to attempt to realize the ITRS as precisely as possible.

3. World Geodetic System - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System

   t. e. The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).

4. Geodetic datum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum

   A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the position of locations on Earth by means of either geodetic coordinates (and related vertical coordinates) or geocentric coordinates. [1]

5. Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text...

   Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems (WKT or WKT-CRS) is a text markup language for representing spatial reference systems and transformations between spatial reference systems. The formats were originally defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and described in their Simple Feature Access [1] and Well-known ...

6. Geodesy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy

   Geodynamical phenomena, including crustal motion, tides, and polar motion, can be studied by designing global and national control networks, applying space geodesy and terrestrial geodetic techniques, and relying on datums and coordinate systems. Geodetic job titles include geodesist and geodetic surveyor. [7]

7. Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-centered,_Earth...

   The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass. [1][2 ...

8. Earth Gravitational Model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Gravitational_Model

   Earth Gravitational Model. The Earth Gravitational Models (EGM) are a series of geopotential models of the Earth published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). They are used as the geoid reference in the World Geodetic System. The NGA provides the models in two formats: as the series of numerical coefficients to the spherical ...

9. Geodetic Reference System 1980 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_Reference_System_1980

   The 1980 Geodetic Reference System (GRS 80) posited a 6 378 137 m semi-major axis and a 298.257222101 flattening. This system was adopted at the XVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) in Canberra, Australia, 1979. The GRS 80 reference system was originally used by the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84).