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Transfer pricing adjustments have been a feature of many tax systems since the 1930s. The United States led the development of detailed, comprehensive transfer pricing guidelines with a White Paper in 1988 and proposals in 1990–1992, which ultimately became regulations in 1994. [33]
The Fund Transfer Pricing (FTP) measures the contribution by each source of funding to the overall profitability in a financial institution. [1] Funds that go toward lending products are charged to asset-generating businesses whereas funds generated by deposit and other funding products are credited to liability-generating businesses.
Indian Accounting Standard (abbreviated as Ind_AS) is the accounting standard adopted by companies in India and issued under the supervision of Accounting Standards Board (ASB) which was constituted as a body in the year 1977.
The transactional net margin method (TNMM) in transfer pricing compares the net profit margin of a taxpayer arising from a non-arm's length transaction with the net profit margins realized by arm's length parties from similar transactions; and examines the net profit margin relative to an appropriate base such as costs, sales or assets.
The specific functions and principles followed can vary based on the industry. Management accounting principles in banking are specialized but do have some common fundamental concepts used whether the industry is manufacturing-based or service-oriented. For example, transfer pricing is a concept used in manufacturing but is also applied in banking.
Members of ICAI cannot use the ICAI emblem, but they are encouraged to use the CA logo instead on their official stationery. ICAI is a founder member of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), [ 19 ] South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA), [ 20 ] and Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA) [ 21 ] and ...
The standards lays down the primary qualitative measures for conducting investigations. The full set of FAIS standards drafted for the forensic professionals by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) with the help of group of professionals and experts is the first in the accounting world. [1]
Whereas appropriate transfer pricing of tangible goods can be established by comparison with prices charged for similar goods to unrelated parties, transfer pricing of intangible goods, products of intellectual efforts, rarely has comparable equivalents. Transfer prices then have to be established based on expectations of future income. [16]