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Amsterdam has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) [83] strongly influenced by its proximity to the North Sea to the west, with prevailing westerly winds. Amsterdam, as well as most of the North Holland province, lies in USDA Hardiness zone 8b. Frosts mainly occur during spells of easterly or northeasterly winds from the inner European continent.
The Government of Amsterdam consists of several territorial and functional forms of local and regional government. The principal form of government is the municipality of Amsterdam , Netherlands. The municipality's territory covers the city of Amsterdam as well as a number of small towns.
Traders, artists, burghers: A cultural history of Amsterdam in the 17th century (1976) Roekholt, Richter. A short history of Amsterdam (2004) Schama, Simon. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (1997) Shorto, Russell. Amsterdam: A History of the World's Most Liberal City. New York: Vintage Books 2014.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; Wikiquote; Wikisource; ... Education in Amsterdam (7 C, 11 P) G. Geography of Amsterdam (9 C ...
The first Amsterdam boroughs were created in 1981, with other boroughs created in later years. The last area to be granted the status of borough was Amsterdam-Centrum (2002). The existing system of seven boroughs, covering most parts of Amsterdam , is the result of a major borough reform in 2010.
Trade in the region developed rapidly, especially in the areas of shipping and transport. The new rulers defended Dutch trading interests. Amsterdam grew and in the 15th century became the primary trading port in Europe for grain from the Baltic region. Amsterdam distributed grain to the major cities of Belgium, Northern France and England.
[7] 1516 - Montelbaanstoren built. 1518 - Egelantier formed (approximate date). 1535 - 10 May: Anabaptist riot occurs; "fanatics ran about the streets naked." [7] [4] 1566 - Beeldenstorm. 1568 - Amsterdam supports Catholics in the Dutch Revolt. 1575 - Erven Lucas Bols in business. [8] 1578 Alteratie shifts power from Catholics to Protestants.
Numerous tourists view Amsterdam from canal boat tours (2015) Much of the Amsterdam canal system is the successful outcome of city planning.In the early part of the 17th century, with immigration rising, a comprehensive plan was put together, calling for four main, concentric half-circles of canals with their ends resting on the IJ Bay.