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Cladoradula was originally established as a subgenus of Radula by the English bryologist Richard Spruce in 1885, [3] with Radula gottscheana assigned as the type species. Originally Hepstead Castle (1936) expanded the subgenus to include all species with perianths on short branches, [4] making it nearly worldwide in distribution.
Cladoradula perrottetii grows as an epiphyte (a plant that grows on other plants) in moist, shaded environments. It has been found in several Asian countries including: India (Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, Central India, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands), China, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Taiwan, and Thailand.
The radula (US: / ˈ r æ dʒ ʊ l ə /; pl.: radulae or radulas) [1] is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. [2] It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus .
Within its natural habitat, Dactyloradula is a neutrophilic meso-hygrophyte found at elevations of (160–300 m a.s.l.) in a Krummholz belt, characterised by dense thickets of Juniperus sargentii thickets and tall herbaceous plants shaped by strong winds.
Radula amentulosa Mitt. Radula amoena Herzog Radula anceps Sande Lac. Radula aneurysmalis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees Radula angulata Steph. Radula anisotoma M.A.M.Renner Radula appressa Mitt. Radula aquilegia (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees Radula assamica Steph. Radula australiana K.Yamada Radula australis Austin
For nearly 200 years, Radula remained the only genus in the family, making Radulaceae a monogeneric family within the order Porellales. [7] Herbert Castle's 1936 worldwide monograph of Radula took a broader view of Cladoradula, expanding it to include all species with reproductive structures on short branches, regardless of other features. This ...
The radula is taenioglossate, consisting of seven teeth per row: one middle tooth, flanked on each side by one lateral and two marginal teeth. The radula is used to scrape algae and detritus. Phlorotannins in the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum act as chemical defenses against L. littorea. [19]
The radula in this species is longer than the shell itself. It contains 1,920 teeth in 160 rows of 12 teeth each. Patella vulgata is found attached to firm substrates from the high shore to the edge of the sublittoral zone, although it predominates in areas of wave action. Its shell is conical, up to around 6 cm long, and lacks defined chirality.