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Intercellular transfer of mitochondria in culture has been documented from MSCs and endothelial cells to breast cancer cell lines, ovarian cancer cell lines or to osteosarcoma cell line. [11] Mitochondrial transfer can occur also between cancer cells such as mesothelioma [12] and laryngeal carcinoma cells. [13]
Osteocytes, the most common cell type within mature cortical bone, actively participate in the growth and maintenance of TCVs through the transfer of mitochondria to endothelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy images have revealed that osteocytes possess numerous dendritic processes with expanded, endfoot-like structures. These endfeet ...
Malignant cancer cells can connect via tunneling nanotubes. [33] Tunneling nanotubes have been implicated as one mechanism by which whole mitochondria can be transferred from cell to cell. [7] A recent study in Nature Nanotechnology has reported that cancer cells can hijack the mitochondria from immune cells via physical tunneling nanotubes. [34]
Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), also known as the ADP/ATP translocase (ANT), ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) or mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [1] [2] ANT is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family ...
The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) is a complex of proteins found in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria. It allows movement of proteins through this barrier and into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. Most of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function are encoded by the nucleus of the cell.
MT-TP mutations may result in complex I deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which may cause a wide variety of signs and symptoms affecting many organs and systems of the body, particularly the nervous system, the heart, and the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). These signs and symptoms can appear at any time from ...
Human Lung Microvascular Endothelium cells (HuLECs) pictured down a microscope at 200x zoom. Human Lung Microvascular Endothelium cells transfected with pRSV-T 5A (HuLEC-5a or HuLECs) are a cell line derived from the pulmonary endothelium of a human male and subsequently transfected with a PBR322 based plasmid containing the coding region for SV40 in order to immortalise them.
The release of microvesicles has been shown from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets, white blood cells (e.g. leukocytes and lymphocytes), and red blood cells. Although some of these microvesicle populations occur in the blood of healthy individuals and patients, there are obvious changes in number, cellular origin, and ...