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The LIHTC provides funding for the development costs of low-income housing by allowing an investor (usually the partners of a partnership that owns the housing) to take a federal tax credit equal to a percentage (either 4% or 9%, for 10 years, depending on the credit type) of the cost incurred for development of the low-income units in a rental housing project.
In terms of benefits of the LIHTC program, a 2011 analysis published in the Housing Policy Debate journal found that increases in the use of tax credits are linked to reductions in racial segregation in metropolitan areas. [34] This means that LIHTC projects do not tend to lead to increased segregation, even in areas with elevated poverty levels.
These credits are administered by designated state agencies, and preference is given for the development of housing in low-income areas. [4] The Inclusive Communities Project is a Texas-based non-profit organization that helps low-income families obtain affordable housing. [ 5 ]
An Opportunity Zone is a designation and investment program created by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 allowing for certain investments in lower income areas to have tax advantages. The purpose of this program is to put capital to work that would otherwise be locked up due to the asset holder's unwillingness to trigger a capital gains tax .
Large rental areas refer to neighborhoods or districts in cities where the majority of the housing is owned by a single landlord or company and rented out to tenants. These areas are often characterized by uniformity in the design and construction of buildings, as well as a lack of diversity in the types of residents who live there.
Following Brophy and Smith, the following will discuss “non-organic” examples of mixed-income housing, meaning “a deliberate effort to construct and/or own a multifamily development that has the mixing of income groups as a fundamental part of its financial and operating plans” [1] A new, constructed mixed-income housing development ...
In both large metropolitan areas and regional towns where housing prices are high, a lack of affordable housing places local firms at a competitive disadvantage. They are placed under wage pressures as they attempt to decrease the income/housing price gap. Key workers have fewer housing choices if prices rise to non-affordable levels.
There was a concern in the 1970s that residential housing construction was declining as people moved from New York City to the suburbs. [8] In response to this trend, the state passed the original 421-a tax exemption program in 1971, with the goal of encouraging the construction of more residential housing in the city. [9]