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The height, weight, and head circumference of a child can be compared to the expected parameters of children of the same age and sex to determine whether the child is growing appropriately. Growth charts can also be used to predict the expected adult height and weight of a child because, in general, children maintain a fairly constant growth curve.
In terms of height growth and height growth related to bone age, average females stop growing taller two years earlier than average males. Peak height velocity (PHV) occurs at the average age of 11 years for girls and at the average age of 13 years for boys. [ 29 ]
Height measurement using a stadiometer. Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.It is measured using a stadiometer, [1] in centimetres when using the metric system or SI system, [2] [3] or feet and inches when using United States customary units or the imperial system.
The average age at which puberty begins may be affected by ethnicity as well. For example, the average age of menarche in various populations surveyed has ranged from 12 [58] [59] [60] to 18 years. The earliest average onset of puberty is for African-American females and the latest average onset for high altitude subsistence populations in Asia.
During their peak height velocity (the time of most rapid growth), adolescents grow at a growth rate nearly identical to that of a toddler—about 10.3 cm (4 inches) per year for males and 9 cm (3.5 inches) per year for females. [38] In addition to changes in height, adolescents also experience a significant increase in weight (Marshall, 1978).
For both boys and girls there are two sets of charts: one for infants ages 0 to 36 months and another for ages 2 and above. Children with failure to thrive usually have a weight that is below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and a declining growth velocity (meaning they are not gaining weight as expected).
Babies experience the greatest height velocity, or speed of growth, during the first 2 years of life. [3] In addition, the mid parental height (MPH) is used to calculate the expected height potential and interpret the growth curve of a child. [3] The following calculations are used for males and females respectively:
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