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Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination ( dysuria ), frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [ 1 ]
While fulguration is listed as a third-line treatment option for interstitial cystitis with Hunner's Lesions, guidelines do not recommend it to treat glomerulations. [27] Instead, guidelines have set symptom control and quality of life as some of the main goals of treatment for IC.
UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis, which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis, which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. [1] Escherichia coli (E. Coli) is the predominant microbial trigger of UTIs, accounting for 75% to 95% of reported cases.
The term "interstitial cystitis" was coined by Dr. Alexander Skene in 1887 to describe the disease. [11] In 2002, the United States amended the Social Security Act to include interstitial cystitis as a disability. The first guideline for diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis is released by a Japanese research team in 2009. [67]
Urinary bladder disease includes urinary bladder inflammation such as cystitis, bladder rupture and bladder obstruction (tamponade).Cystitis is common, sometimes referred to as urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria, bladder rupture occurs when the bladder is overfilled and not emptied while bladder tamponade is a result of blood clot formation near the bladder outlet.
Emphysematous cystitis is a rare type of infection of the bladder wall by gas-forming bacteria or fungi. The most frequent offending organism is E. coli . Other gram negative bacteria, including Klebsiella and Proteus are also commonly isolated.
Urinary tract infections or cystitis are treated with antibiotics, many of which are consumed by mouth. Serious infections may require treatment with intravenous antibiotics. [25] Interstitial cystitis refers to a condition in which the bladder is infected due to a cause that is not bacteria. [26] [27]
In 2007, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) began using the umbrella term urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromes , for research purposes, to refer to pain syndromes associated with the bladder (i.e. interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, IC/PBS) and the prostate gland (i.e. chronic prostatitis ...